Amnesty Alleges RSF Committed Crimes Against Humanity in El Fasher

The Bottom Line

•The report confirms systematic ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity occurred during the RSF's capture of El Fasher.
•Watch for international diplomatic pressure regarding the deployment of a peacekeeping or protection force to the region.

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Amnesty International Findings:

Amnesty International has released a report detailing severe human rights violations committed by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) during their campaign to seize El Fasher in Sudan. The organization asserts that the paramilitary group engaged in systematic attacks against civilians, including murder, torture, rape, and enslavement. Amnesty claims these actions, directed primarily at non-Arab ethnic groups, constitute crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing. The report specifically identifies three RSF commanders, Maj Gen Gedo Hamdan Ahmed Mohamed, Lt Col Abbas Khater Bakhit, and commander Al-Fateh Abdullah Idris, as being responsible for these grave abuses.

Conflict Background:

The violence in El Fasher represents a critical phase in the broader Sudanese civil war that erupted in April 2023 between the Sudan Armed Forces and the RSF. Over an 18-month siege, the paramilitary force systematically targeted the city, which served as the last stronghold for the Sudan Armed Forces in Darfur. Previous investigations, including a February finding by a UN fact-finding mission, had already highlighted the hallmarks of genocide in the region. Amnesty's latest analysis, based on interviews with 247 survivors and satellite imagery, documents a pattern of destruction and dehumanizing language used by RSF forces against local populations from mid-2024 through late 2025.

International Response:

The findings have sparked renewed calls for the international community to move beyond diplomatic statements and intervene to protect vulnerable civilians. Agnes Callamard, the secretary general of Amnesty International, described the situation as a stain on the conscience of humanity, demanding an immediate ceasefire and the deployment of an international protection force. The scale of the humanitarian disaster, which has displaced hundreds of thousands and orphaned countless children, remains a major geopolitical challenge. Observers note that breaking the cycle of impunity in Darfur is now considered a vital prerequisite for any long-term stability or peace process in Sudan.

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Context & Background

The Sudanese civil war began in April 2023 following a power struggle between the Sudan Armed Forces and the RSF.
El Fasher fell to the RSF in October 2025 after a protracted 18-month siege that caused massive civilian displacement.
A UN-backed mission reported in February 2026 that the RSF's campaign in the city bore the hallmarks of genocide.

Key Consequences

Increased diplomatic pressure on international bodies to authorize an armed protection force for civilians in Darfur.
Potential for expanded sanctions or legal proceedings against the named RSF commanders involved in the campaign.
Greater scrutiny on regional actors who may be facilitating the movement of forces or supplies to the RSF.

Market & Economic Impact

No direct market impact.